It has been observed that, in comparison to audiences elsewhere in the Essay - 1

It has been observed that, in comparison to audiences elsewhere in the world, audiences in Britain and America have very little access to texts created beyond their own cultures (Squires, 2007, p. 408) - Essay Example He postulates further that, the number of English speakers outnumbers the native speakers by the ratio of 3:1. All the above figures show that English is a language that cannot be ignored on the world stage. The following are the number of English language speakers in the top five countries, the figures are in millions: United States of America-215 which represents 95.81 percent, United Kingdom-61, which represents 97.74 percent, Canada, 18.2, Australia, 15 and Nigeria 4. All these, indicate that English has a global image (English dominance in The World, 2014). It is a fact that cannot be contested that the English language, dominates the world in almost all spheres. It is spoken and written in almost every part of the world where business and education are taking place. A number of factors have attributed this. Firstly, Great Britain, which has 97 percent of its population speaking English, colonized most of the countries in the world, especially in Africa and Asia when compared to other colonial powers. This means that, it exported its people and culture to different parts of the world. As the master, the subjects had to learn English in order to get education that it offered. English was also one of the qualifications for one to get employment; therefore, people went to school, learned English purposely to get employment and also to be able to communicate. The missionaries also taught people how to write and speak English. This successfully made English the language of communication and education (English Dominance in The World, 2014). Secondly, America being a superpower and Britain doing economically well means that people will tend to migrate from other parts of the world either to get employment or to get an education. One of the conditions before one is allowed to immigrate to America or Britain, is being proficient in English. Therefore, one has to make sure that he/she has learned English before going to these countries or learn

American Government assignment one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Government assignment one - Essay Example In fact that was the very thing against which the Colonials had rebelled. This distrust in government engendered one which was inherently weak. The problem with the Articles of Confederation was that they sought to create a nation while still trying to allow the several states to keep powers typically only reserved for actual nation-states like taxation powers, war declaration powers, and the right to issue currency. Most of all, the Confederation had no executive branch and thus no recognizable head of state. The Constitution gave the new national government the power to issue currency and thus provided financial stability to the country (Henretta 2000, 222). It also established a clear executive and leader of the country in the person of the Presidency. The First President, George Washington, provided a unity which was conspicuously missing under the Articles (Maddox 2003, 78-79). James Madison said that the Constitution was necessary to establish â€Å"a strong government to cond uct foreign affairs and insisted that central authority would not foster domestic tyranny.† The Constitution gave the â€Å"central government broad powers over taxation, military defense, and external commerce as well as the authority to make all laws†¦to implement those provisions† (Henretta 2000, 226). The Constitution ended the chaos of the Confederation and gave birth to the America we know today. Article 1.) David Jackson’s article in The Oval â€Å"House rebukes Obama over Libya† (Jackson 2011) very much encapsulates some of the broad changes which have beset America’s system of Federalism over the course of the last half century. The rise of the unitary executive in no way accords with the thoughts of the founders who very much sought to limit the executive branch through a unique system of checks and balances. The U.S. House of Representatives recently ‘rebuked’ Obama for his continued prosecution of the military action in Libya. The US and its allies are seeking to bolster and support a rebellion led by anti-Qaddafi forces and to protect civilian targets which have borne the brunt of attacks by government forces. A coalition of fiscally conservative Republicans and rebellious Democrats managed to pass a resolution in the House against the Obama Administration’s bombing campaign. The meaningfulness of the resolution is nonetheless very much in doubt. Just after passing it, the House refused to cut funding for the operation in North Africa. It seems that the House resolution then was nothing more than a feel-good measure; things on the ground remain unchanged. The dispute concerns the 1973 War Powers Resolution which requires the President to seek Congressional approval of all military actions beyond 60 days. The Libya action has lasted well beyond 60 days but President Obama has still refused to obtain approval, claiming the War Powers Resolution does not apply because it is a NATO effort. At the root of the question is the explicit power held by the Congress to control spending and declare war. Jackson quotes Florida Representative Tom Rooney who said, â€Å"Only Congress has the power to declare war and the power of the purse, and my bill exercises both of these powers by blocking funds for the war in Libya unless the President receives

Effects of Sedentary Lifestyle on Obesity

Effects of Sedentary Lifestyle on Obesity Introduction Currently, obesity and overweight is a main global health problem plaguing almost the whole planet. Studies show that in 2005 1.6 billion adults were overweight and 400 million adults were obese. As it is portrayed, obesity and overweight is a problem of the contemporary societies that cannot be confronted. According to a recent study of the World Health Organisation, it is predicted that there will be 2.3 billion overweight adults by 2015 in the world and more than 700 million of them will be obese. Also it is important to realise that obesity and overweigh are modern problems of the societies since statistics referring to these problems did not exist 60 years ago. Therefore, it is clear that obesity and overweight apart from genetic predisposition and psychological disorders might derive as well from the modern sedentary lifestyle that is highly affected by the recent technological development and from poor nutrition as there is an increase in convenience food. However in order to understand the extent and significance of the problem it is important to define and analyse overweight and obesity. Obesity can be defined as a medical condition in which body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has a negative effect on health. A healthy body requires a minimum amount of  fat  for the proper functioning of the  hormonal,  reproductive, and  immune  systems, as  thermal insulation, as  shock absorption  for sensitive areas, and as  energy  for future use. But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement and flexibility, can alter the  appearance of the body and cause health problems. Obesity increases the likelihood of  various diseases like heart disease,  type 2 diabetes,  breathing difficulties during sleep (pulmonary diseases), hypertension, certain types of  cancer, and  osteoarthritis. In particular, cancer of the colon as well as prostate in men and cancer in breasts, ovaries and cervix in women have been found to be related to obesity. Furthermore, hypertension has been found to be related CHD and strokes. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce  life expectancy and be one of the leading  preventable causes of death  worldwide. Investigators have estimated that if everybody had the optimal body mass there would be 3 years added to life expectancy, 25 percent less coronary heart disease and 35 percent less congestive heart failure and brain infection. Overweight is generally defined as having more  body fat  than is optimally  healthy, without reaching the body fat value for obesity. The generally accepted view is that being overweight causes similar health problems to obesity, but to a minor degree. It is estimated that the risk of death increases by 20 to 40 percent among overweight people and that being overweight at age 40 reduces life expectancy by three years. Being overweight or obese has been identified also as a cause of  cancer. Psychological well-being is also at risk in the overweight individual due to social  discrimination. However, children under the age of eight are normally not affected. The prevalence of obesity and overweight is strongly related to age. The 16 to 24 years age group (for both men and women) is substantially less at risk of  becoming obese than older age groups. Those aged between 25 and 34 have the second lowest rates of obesity and overweight. Middle aged people are those who are in the most risky position of becoming obese or overweight. In order to further understand obesity and overweight it is important to analyse the methods used in order to classify and tell the degree to which a person is overweight or obese. The most popular method used is that of  the Body Mass index  (BMI), or  Quetelet index. The Body Mass index is a statistical measure of body weight based on a persons weight and height. Though it does not actually measure the  percentage of body fat, it is used to estimate a healthy  body weight  based on a persons height. Due to its ease of measurement and calculation, it is the most popular diagnostic tool to identify weight problems within a population, usually to classify adult underweight, overweight and obesity. Body Mass Index is found by dividing the body mass in kilograms by the square of height in meters. This technique can also act as a health since it appears to provide relative results concerning the degree of risk associated with overweight or obesity. Mortality and morbidity start increase at high rates at a BMI of more than 25. Therefore the desired levels of BMI are those below 25. Below there is a table of the BMI classification according to the World Health Organisation confirming what was previously stated. Classification BMI(kg/m2) Underweight

Quality Control :: essays research papers fc

Topics in Liberal Arts Math. Quality Control Quality control, as described through the Encarta Dictionary, is a system used in many companies, departments, and businesses for achieving or maintaining a desired level of quality in a manufactured product by inspecting samples and assessing what changes may be needed in the manufacturing process. To do this inspectors are hired and made to look over every step of the manufacturing process to make sure the product is as the company’s standards want it to be. There are many businesses that use this technique, but one in particular which hinges its success on the quality of its product is the food industry. In no other industry is quality control more important than in this field. If the quality is not checked in all products it can spell disaster for a food processing company. Not only can poorly processed food taste bad, but, in some instances it can lead to sickness, leaving the industry in a very difficult and possibly legally responsible situation. So, to prevent this, th e food industry, as well as many others, chose to use quality control in the form of sampling, to make sure their products go on the market not only tasting good, but being safe as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the food industry, quality control is used to make sure that only the tastiest product goes on the market, and in order to do this, only the best ingredients must be chosen for a company’s product. Take for example tomato paste. The most vital ingredient in tomato paste is just that, tomato. Therefore, a company specializing in tomato paste must first check and guarantee that all the tomato’s meet there specifications. The first step in this process would then have to be creating quality specifications. The most popular method amongst the food industry for creating this is checking the food product through what they call â€Å"food attributes†. In the case of a tomato this can be anything from color, size, shape, any damage on the tomato, and the hardness of the fruit. Once this is completed and agreed upon, inspectors are hired to overview and test a representative sample of the food, in this case tomatoes, to make sure the batch meets the specifications set out by the company.

Electronic Health Record

Abstract Electronic health records (EHR) is more and more being utilized in organizations offering healthcare to enhance the quality and safety of care. Understanding the advantages and disadvantaging of EHR is essential in the nursing profession as nurses would learn its strengths and weaknesses. This would help the nursing profession know how to deal with the weak areas of the system. The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR has been widely researched on with different researchers coming up with different opinions.Nurses ought to have knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of EHR systems for them to use systems efficiently. This would transform the operations of health systems and benefit patients with quality service. The advantage and disadvantage of Electronic Health Records Electronic health records are designed for offering national access to selected information amassed from data found in medical records created by various providers irrespective of whether prov iders are in a similar healthcare system or in the event of patients of accident in a different healthcare facility (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al 2010).EHR is essential to nurses because it increases their efficiency hence undertake their mandate to offer care to patients effectively. Recently most of the sectors have made heavy investments in computerization of their services. The nursing practice is impacted significantly by the use EHR systems. There are both positive and negative impacts in the use of EHR systems. Some researchers have associated EHR with increased efficiency and high quality of care while others cite negative effects like high start of cost and confidentiality of health information.Understanding the advantages of EHR encourages nurses to make greater use of them, while understanding their disadvantages enables nurses to determine areas in which they ought to take caution when using them. Advantages of Electronic Health Records EHR and organizational out comes These organizational outcomes of EHR are mostly comprised of increased revenue and cost containment, together with other less tangible benefits like enhanced regulatory and legal compliance, increased job satisfaction, and improved ability to undertake research. Various authors have made the ssertion that EHRs help care givers in capturing patient charges accurately and at the right time (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al, 2010). Use of EHR ensures elimination of billing errors together with erroneous coding; this in turn increases the cash flow of the provider and enhancement of revenue. Appointment reminders by EHR to patients increases visits by these patients hence increasing revenue. Majority of averted costs linked to EHRs result from efficiencies which result from storing the information of patients electronically (Fleming, Culler, McCorkle, et al. 2011).These comprise of increased test utilization, reduction in resources of staff used in management of patients, redu ction of cost of supplies required for maintenance of paper folders decrease in cost of transcription and costs linked to pulling of charts. Other less tangible benefits include that there is increased operational performance and compliance to legal and regulatory requirements is improved. Additionally, researchers who use EHR experience less malpractice claims. EHRs Clinical outcomes The majority of clinical outcomes been focused relate to care quality and safety of patient.Care quality is defined as doing the appropriate action to the right person at the right time and in the appropriate manner and obtaining optimal results. Similarly safety of the patient is defined as avoiding injuries to patients from care aimed at helping them. Most of the research on EHR is focused on efficiency, effectiveness and patient safety. Weinger, (2010) made the assertion that computerized alerts directed at physicians enhanced the use of prophylactic care for patients hospitalized with the condition of deep vein thrombosis.There was a 19 percent increase in use of anticoagulation prophylaxis when computer alerts are used. This meant that there was 41 percent reduction in the risk of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis ninety days following discharge. In addition, researchers have established that there is a relation between efficiency and EHRs in the delivery of healthcare. EHRs societal benefits Improved ability to conduct research is another less tangible benefit associated with EHR.When the data for patients is electronically stored, makes the data easily accessible hence more quantitative analysis can be undertaken for identification of evidence-based best practices with ease. In addition, public health researchers use electronic clinical data more actively which have been amassed from a huge population hence coming up with research that benefits the society (Mitka, 2011). Clinical data availability is limited but this form of data will increase. Probable EHRs disad vantagesIrrespective of the findings regarding the advantages of various functionalities of EHRs, some probable drawbacks on EHR have been identified by researchers. These comprise of financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences. Financial concerns comprise of costs of adoption and implementation, cost of maintenance, revenue loss due to temporal low productivity, and revenue declination. These factors act as deterrent for physicians together with hospitals in adopting and implementing an EHR.The purchase and installation of software and hardware, conversion of paper files to electronic forms and training of end-users are major costs. Irrespective of the associated costs, EHR technology has become common recently, as the cost has gone down significantly. The cost of maintenance for EHR can as well be high; there ought to be replacement of hardware and up grading of software regularly. Other costs include fees for support, vendor software maintenance, external contractors’ payments and information systems staff payment.The majority of EHR financial benefits are not linked with the provider, but to the payers of third party in form of averted errors, and enhanced efficiencies; these translate into reduced payment of claims (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Poor alignment of incentives for healthcare organizations and towering direct costs are an obstacle. Another probable disadvantage is the risk of violating the privacy of patients. Some of these concerns have been relieved by having policy makers take actions to ensure that patient data privacy is maintained (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Recent legislation enforces stringent requirements which prevent unauthorized entities from accessing the data. Topic availability The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR is widely available both online and on printed sources. Searching the topic online a wide range of information was obtained. Google search engine had considerable information on the topic. In the search the keywords used were ‘Electronic Health Records’ and ‘EHR. ’ With these keywords, the information obtained was on general knowledge on electronic health records.On adding advantages and disadvantages to the EHR, more refined results on the positive and negative impacts of EHR were obtained. On adding ‘EHR effect on nursing’ the results obtained showed how EHR has positively and negatively affected the functionality of the healthcare system and nursing profession. Nursing and medical journals were mostly used to get this information. In the search, online libraries like EBCOHOST and Apollo library were used. When conducting the search only peer reviewed materials were chosen by selecting that option and the sources selected were not older than five years.For this case sources were chosen to be from 2010 up to 2013. On EBSCOHOST, with the above mentioned criteria and keywords the search results were 485. Apollo online library had search results of 502. This indicates that the topic is widely researched and there is adequate information online to be used for research and practical nursing practice. This search criterion was also used on Google scholar and relevant information was obtained. Information availability On conducting search online with various search engines, information was accessible in various formats.The information obtained showed articles written by researchers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of electronic health records. While some articles presented challenges, others presented benefits of the EHR system. Files were found in PDF PowerPoint and Word document formats. The obtained results on this topic could be used for a wide range of reasons. Some on the information touched on how professionals could use this information in their w ork. For instance, the information on the benefits of using EHRs could help nurses determine how well they can use the EHR systems to enhance efficiency in their operations.Professionals can also get the information of some of the negative impacts of electronic health records. As nurses get to understand this information, it can form basis for their research to unearth what has not yet been found. Some sections of information were useful for patients who want to know about the efficiency and privacy of the system. The administration would find the information useful because it shows ways in which the hospital will benefit as well as how it will be affected negatively by the EHR system.For instance, the administration of the health care facilities will ensure increase in efficiency in the provision of services and billing process would be improved (Otto & Nevo, 2013). Understanding these benefits would encourage healthcare administrators to make decisions on whether to adopt EHR syst ems. Personal views In the nursing practice, this technology of electronic health records poses some challenges that need to be addressed before it is adopted. The major concern of this topic is the security issue, whereby the confidentiality of the information stored in these systems is under question (Weinger, 2010).It is felt that unauthorized people may get access to this information and use it maliciously. Patients wouldn’t be willing to use this system unless they are assured that their information is secure. In addition, some nurses may have inadequate skills in using the system and can easily make errors that can put patients in danger. Therefore, the nurses should be adequately trained on the use of EHR systems. Failure to do so may put patients at risk and lower the quality of the care provided which would be contrary to the intentions of EHR. Though there are cons to using the system, the pros outweigh them. ConclusionThis paper has discussed the topic on advantage s and disadvantages related with adoption of EHR. EHR is widely believed to ensure that there is improved efficiency in provision of healthcare, cost is contained and that accuracy is maintained by reducing medical errors. Through adoption of EHR, it will be easy to conduct research as medical data of the required population would be readily available. Some of the drawbacks associated with use of EHR are financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences.Despite having many unintentional consequences of EHR on balancing the benefits with the drawbacks, EHRs are beneficial specifically at social level. Information on this topic is readily available and can be used as a basis for deciding whether to adopt the system or not. References DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , et al. (2010). Electronic health records’ limited successes suggest more targeted uses. Health Aff (Millwood) 29(4), 639–646. Devine E. B. , Hansen R. N. , Wilson-Norton J. L, et al. (2010). The impact of computerized provider order entry on medication errors in a multispecialty group practice.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 17(1):78–84. Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. (2011). The financial and nonfinancial costs of implementing electronic health records in primary care practices. Health Aff (Millwood) 30(3), 481–489. Mitka, M. (2011). Electronic health records, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(14), p1402 Otto, P. & Nevo, D. (2013). Electronic health records, Journal of enterprise informationmanagement, 26(1/2), 165-182 Weinger, M. B. (2010). Electronic health records, The New England journal of medicine, 363(24), 2372-2374 Electronic Health Record Abstract Electronic health records (EHR) is more and more being utilized in organizations offering healthcare to enhance the quality and safety of care. Understanding the advantages and disadvantaging of EHR is essential in the nursing profession as nurses would learn its strengths and weaknesses. This would help the nursing profession know how to deal with the weak areas of the system. The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR has been widely researched on with different researchers coming up with different opinions.Nurses ought to have knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of EHR systems for them to use systems efficiently. This would transform the operations of health systems and benefit patients with quality service. The advantage and disadvantage of Electronic Health Records Electronic health records are designed for offering national access to selected information amassed from data found in medical records created by various providers irrespective of whether prov iders are in a similar healthcare system or in the event of patients of accident in a different healthcare facility (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al 2010).EHR is essential to nurses because it increases their efficiency hence undertake their mandate to offer care to patients effectively. Recently most of the sectors have made heavy investments in computerization of their services. The nursing practice is impacted significantly by the use EHR systems. There are both positive and negative impacts in the use of EHR systems. Some researchers have associated EHR with increased efficiency and high quality of care while others cite negative effects like high start of cost and confidentiality of health information.Understanding the advantages of EHR encourages nurses to make greater use of them, while understanding their disadvantages enables nurses to determine areas in which they ought to take caution when using them. Advantages of Electronic Health Records EHR and organizational out comes These organizational outcomes of EHR are mostly comprised of increased revenue and cost containment, together with other less tangible benefits like enhanced regulatory and legal compliance, increased job satisfaction, and improved ability to undertake research. Various authors have made the ssertion that EHRs help care givers in capturing patient charges accurately and at the right time (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al, 2010). Use of EHR ensures elimination of billing errors together with erroneous coding; this in turn increases the cash flow of the provider and enhancement of revenue. Appointment reminders by EHR to patients increases visits by these patients hence increasing revenue. Majority of averted costs linked to EHRs result from efficiencies which result from storing the information of patients electronically (Fleming, Culler, McCorkle, et al. 2011).These comprise of increased test utilization, reduction in resources of staff used in management of patients, redu ction of cost of supplies required for maintenance of paper folders decrease in cost of transcription and costs linked to pulling of charts. Other less tangible benefits include that there is increased operational performance and compliance to legal and regulatory requirements is improved. Additionally, researchers who use EHR experience less malpractice claims. EHRs Clinical outcomes The majority of clinical outcomes been focused relate to care quality and safety of patient.Care quality is defined as doing the appropriate action to the right person at the right time and in the appropriate manner and obtaining optimal results. Similarly safety of the patient is defined as avoiding injuries to patients from care aimed at helping them. Most of the research on EHR is focused on efficiency, effectiveness and patient safety. Weinger, (2010) made the assertion that computerized alerts directed at physicians enhanced the use of prophylactic care for patients hospitalized with the condition of deep vein thrombosis.There was a 19 percent increase in use of anticoagulation prophylaxis when computer alerts are used. This meant that there was 41 percent reduction in the risk of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis ninety days following discharge. In addition, researchers have established that there is a relation between efficiency and EHRs in the delivery of healthcare. EHRs societal benefits Improved ability to conduct research is another less tangible benefit associated with EHR.When the data for patients is electronically stored, makes the data easily accessible hence more quantitative analysis can be undertaken for identification of evidence-based best practices with ease. In addition, public health researchers use electronic clinical data more actively which have been amassed from a huge population hence coming up with research that benefits the society (Mitka, 2011). Clinical data availability is limited but this form of data will increase. Probable EHRs disad vantagesIrrespective of the findings regarding the advantages of various functionalities of EHRs, some probable drawbacks on EHR have been identified by researchers. These comprise of financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences. Financial concerns comprise of costs of adoption and implementation, cost of maintenance, revenue loss due to temporal low productivity, and revenue declination. These factors act as deterrent for physicians together with hospitals in adopting and implementing an EHR.The purchase and installation of software and hardware, conversion of paper files to electronic forms and training of end-users are major costs. Irrespective of the associated costs, EHR technology has become common recently, as the cost has gone down significantly. The cost of maintenance for EHR can as well be high; there ought to be replacement of hardware and up grading of software regularly. Other costs include fees for support, vendor software maintenance, external contractors’ payments and information systems staff payment.The majority of EHR financial benefits are not linked with the provider, but to the payers of third party in form of averted errors, and enhanced efficiencies; these translate into reduced payment of claims (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Poor alignment of incentives for healthcare organizations and towering direct costs are an obstacle. Another probable disadvantage is the risk of violating the privacy of patients. Some of these concerns have been relieved by having policy makers take actions to ensure that patient data privacy is maintained (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Recent legislation enforces stringent requirements which prevent unauthorized entities from accessing the data. Topic availability The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR is widely available both online and on printed sources. Searching the topic online a wide range of information was obtained. Google search engine had considerable information on the topic. In the search the keywords used were ‘Electronic Health Records’ and ‘EHR. ’ With these keywords, the information obtained was on general knowledge on electronic health records.On adding advantages and disadvantages to the EHR, more refined results on the positive and negative impacts of EHR were obtained. On adding ‘EHR effect on nursing’ the results obtained showed how EHR has positively and negatively affected the functionality of the healthcare system and nursing profession. Nursing and medical journals were mostly used to get this information. In the search, online libraries like EBCOHOST and Apollo library were used. When conducting the search only peer reviewed materials were chosen by selecting that option and the sources selected were not older than five years.For this case sources were chosen to be from 2010 up to 2013. On EBSCOHOST, with the above mentioned criteria and keywords the search results were 485. Apollo online library had search results of 502. This indicates that the topic is widely researched and there is adequate information online to be used for research and practical nursing practice. This search criterion was also used on Google scholar and relevant information was obtained. Information availability On conducting search online with various search engines, information was accessible in various formats.The information obtained showed articles written by researchers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of electronic health records. While some articles presented challenges, others presented benefits of the EHR system. Files were found in PDF PowerPoint and Word document formats. The obtained results on this topic could be used for a wide range of reasons. Some on the information touched on how professionals could use this information in their w ork. For instance, the information on the benefits of using EHRs could help nurses determine how well they can use the EHR systems to enhance efficiency in their operations.Professionals can also get the information of some of the negative impacts of electronic health records. As nurses get to understand this information, it can form basis for their research to unearth what has not yet been found. Some sections of information were useful for patients who want to know about the efficiency and privacy of the system. The administration would find the information useful because it shows ways in which the hospital will benefit as well as how it will be affected negatively by the EHR system.For instance, the administration of the health care facilities will ensure increase in efficiency in the provision of services and billing process would be improved (Otto & Nevo, 2013). Understanding these benefits would encourage healthcare administrators to make decisions on whether to adopt EHR syst ems. Personal views In the nursing practice, this technology of electronic health records poses some challenges that need to be addressed before it is adopted. The major concern of this topic is the security issue, whereby the confidentiality of the information stored in these systems is under question (Weinger, 2010).It is felt that unauthorized people may get access to this information and use it maliciously. Patients wouldn’t be willing to use this system unless they are assured that their information is secure. In addition, some nurses may have inadequate skills in using the system and can easily make errors that can put patients in danger. Therefore, the nurses should be adequately trained on the use of EHR systems. Failure to do so may put patients at risk and lower the quality of the care provided which would be contrary to the intentions of EHR. Though there are cons to using the system, the pros outweigh them. ConclusionThis paper has discussed the topic on advantage s and disadvantages related with adoption of EHR. EHR is widely believed to ensure that there is improved efficiency in provision of healthcare, cost is contained and that accuracy is maintained by reducing medical errors. Through adoption of EHR, it will be easy to conduct research as medical data of the required population would be readily available. Some of the drawbacks associated with use of EHR are financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences.Despite having many unintentional consequences of EHR on balancing the benefits with the drawbacks, EHRs are beneficial specifically at social level. Information on this topic is readily available and can be used as a basis for deciding whether to adopt the system or not. References DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , et al. (2010). Electronic health records’ limited successes suggest more targeted uses. Health Aff (Millwood) 29(4), 639–646. Devine E. B. , Hansen R. N. , Wilson-Norton J. L, et al. (2010). The impact of computerized provider order entry on medication errors in a multispecialty group practice.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 17(1):78–84. Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. (2011). The financial and nonfinancial costs of implementing electronic health records in primary care practices. Health Aff (Millwood) 30(3), 481–489. Mitka, M. (2011). Electronic health records, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(14), p1402 Otto, P. & Nevo, D. (2013). Electronic health records, Journal of enterprise informationmanagement, 26(1/2), 165-182 Weinger, M. B. (2010). Electronic health records, The New England journal of medicine, 363(24), 2372-2374

Leontief Input-Output Model in the Real World

IntroductionWassily Leontief's name is associated with a particular type of quantitative economics: input-output analysis (The New School, Profile of Wassily Leontief). The application of the dynamic input-output analysis serves as a guide in reviewing Leontief s contributions in two of the most important aspects of economic development and structural change: the raising of standards of living and the effects of the mechanization of production processes on labor. The purpose of this work is to familiarize the reader with the theoretical framework, construction and use of regional input-output models in the real world.The description of the analytical framework of an input-output model includes a discussion of the components of the model, an analytic measures derived from the model, and the assumptions of the model. The work presents the phases of model planning, construction and use, including some of the inherent limitations and problems. Finally, some suggestions for effective use of the model will be provided.Leontief went to Harvard in 1937, where, with the help of a few graduate student assistants, he completed the construction of the first input/output model for the 1939 U.S. economy, which, despite its primitive nature, proved to be an important planning tool during World War II. For example, it showed that President Roosevelt's rash promise to deliver 50,000 planes to the Allied forces was unrealistic, and the model indicated the bottleneck obstacles that must be first overcome.The Leontief input-output systems takes the form 3.1-1 (I – A) X = F where F is the vector of final demand by sector, I is an identity matrix, A is the matrix of technical coefficients, and X is the vector of gross output by sector. The main purpose of the input-output model is to explain the magnitudes of the interindustry flows in terms of the levels of production in each sector. The Leontief input-output model also makes several special assumptions which are not necessa rily made in other interindustry models. The most important of these are (1) that a given product is only supplied by one sector; (2) that there are no joint products; and (3) that the quantity of each input used in production by any sector is determined entirely by the level of output of that sector (Leontief Input Output Model 2000).The integration of the input-output model based on equation 3.1-1 with the final demand model based on national income accounting poses three problems immediately. First, the input-output accounting involves gross output concepts, while the national account data published for most developing countries deals with value added concepts. The second problem in the transformation, is the lack of time series data on final demand deliveries by each sector unless input-output tables exist for all years. Third, it is not to be expected that such a simple system will prove useful for all kinds of problems. A given aggregation into sectors may be valid for one pur pose but not for another.The dynamic input-output analysis allows economists to develop a general equilibrium system that, moving from the known economic conditions of the base year, traces different possible development paths of the economy, depending on the assumptions made on the proportions in which the national product is divided into consumption and investment, and on the investment coefficients in each sector. In his Nobel lecture, Leontief asserted: â€Å"The subject of this lecture is the elucidation of a particular input-output view of the world economy.This formulation should provide a framework for assembling and organizing the mass of factual data needed to describe the world economy. Such a system is essential for a concrete understanding of the world economy as well as for a systematic mapping of the alternative paths along which it could move in the future† (Leontief1973). Leontief s analysis focused on the consistency between the targets and the distribution of resources around the world. Among the most important conclusions and policy implications of the analysis are the necessity to increase the target rates of growth of gross products in the less developed countries, if the objective of increasingly closing the gap between North and South has to be fulfilled; the identification of political, social and institutional, more than physical, limits to sustained growth for the developing world; and the important indication that the costs of pollution abatement do not necessarily represent a threat for economic development.Input-output analysis is a useful and productive tool for regional analysis. It can provide important and timely information on the interrelationships in a regional economy and the impacts of changes on that economy. Thus, it can provide pertinent information about the impacts of economic growth and/or decline and the relative benefits and costs of alternative development strategies. Recently, the combination of a wealth of economic development issues to which input-output analysis can be applied and increased availability of computerized input-output models have led to an increased interest in this technique. The major contribution that input-output concepts and data have made to the analysis of economic development was reflected both in the large number of Conference participants from developing countries and in the generous sponsorship provided by UNIDO. Jacob Kol considers the probable effects on employment in the European Community and a group of (relatively industrialized) developing countries of a balanced increase in trade in manufactures (McKinley 2000).ConclusionLeontief is one of the first economists who was deeply concerned about the impact of unabated economic activities on the global environment. In his Nobel lecture, he outlined a simple input-output model where pollution was treated explicitly as a separate sector. His input-output analysis has become a classic technique of economic behavior, and some go as far as comparing him with John Maynard Keynes. One would never want to conclude a review of the contributions that Leontief offered to economic science, any possible list would always fall short of the overall message to the reader, a message of search, even more than research, for some pattern, some code hidden behind the surface of social and economic appearances, able to explain what happened and why, and what to expect, a message that springs from the synthesis of an immense and reasoned background which melts history, anthropology, philosophy, and certainly all the possible economic knowledge at the service of the humanity.Works Cited â€Å"Leontief Input Output Model† 17 January 2006. 19 September 2000 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/aw/aw_lay_linearalg_3/cs_apps/leontief.pdf â€Å"Leontief Input-Output Model† 18 January 2006 http://math.carleton.ca/~vdabbagh/leontief.pdf McKinley, Turi. â€Å"Wassily Leontief.† 17 January 2006. August 21-25, 2000 http://www.iioa.org/leontief/links.html â€Å"The New School, Profile of Wassily Leontief.† 18 January 2006 http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/leontief.htm Wassily Leontief â€Å"Structure of the World Economy: Outline of the Simple Input-Output Formulation.† 17 January 2006. 11 December 1973 http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/1973/leontief-lecture.pdf

Free Essays on The Benefit Of Ourselves

ESSAY QUESTION 2. Darkness. Much literature is concerned with dispelling our complacency about our lot- our self assurance, our belief in the triumph of goodness and light. Choose three works and show how the authors make us confront the dark side of our nature. Works I choose: Midsummer Nights Dream, Brave New World, Heart of Darkness, Shooting an elephant, Mark of the Beast. THE BENEFIT OF OURSELVES We humans have the tendency to lie for our own benefit, the legacy that our past has left us. Nowadays we are more related with the evil than with good. Evil has been forever and will remain that way, and it has been present in the most peculiar places. Even in the powers of good, evil has gone through. Evil is best described as causing ruin, injury, or pain. In Heart of Darkness, the dark side is imperialism which tries to make the tribes do what they think is correct. In A Midsummer Nights Dream, the dark side is the society that wont allow their own sons to get married and that is why they runaway to the forest. I also think that the society won’t accept different marriages of different social status. In Shooting an Elephant, the dark side is when the shooter, Orwell lies within a conflict of what to do either to shoot the elephant and earn a little respect from the crowd or don’t do anything at all. In Heart of Darkness we are constantly exposed to the dark side of human beings sometimes in a low degree and others in the must â€Å"inhuman† shade but with this novel we can see that darkness is only found in ourselves. First we see that Kurtz a criminal has lost himself in power. He is a corrupt human being who tries to use progress as a disguise. He makes everyone believe that his is only exploiting the people of Congo for their own benefit, so they can become â€Å"civilized.† But truly, the only reason he is being such an animal is to benefit him self and no one else, he gets so lost in his own perversity and evil... Free Essays on The Benefit Of Ourselves Free Essays on The Benefit Of Ourselves ESSAY QUESTION 2. Darkness. Much literature is concerned with dispelling our complacency about our lot- our self assurance, our belief in the triumph of goodness and light. Choose three works and show how the authors make us confront the dark side of our nature. Works I choose: Midsummer Nights Dream, Brave New World, Heart of Darkness, Shooting an elephant, Mark of the Beast. THE BENEFIT OF OURSELVES We humans have the tendency to lie for our own benefit, the legacy that our past has left us. Nowadays we are more related with the evil than with good. Evil has been forever and will remain that way, and it has been present in the most peculiar places. Even in the powers of good, evil has gone through. Evil is best described as causing ruin, injury, or pain. In Heart of Darkness, the dark side is imperialism which tries to make the tribes do what they think is correct. In A Midsummer Nights Dream, the dark side is the society that wont allow their own sons to get married and that is why they runaway to the forest. I also think that the society won’t accept different marriages of different social status. In Shooting an Elephant, the dark side is when the shooter, Orwell lies within a conflict of what to do either to shoot the elephant and earn a little respect from the crowd or don’t do anything at all. In Heart of Darkness we are constantly exposed to the dark side of human beings sometimes in a low degree and others in the must â€Å"inhuman† shade but with this novel we can see that darkness is only found in ourselves. First we see that Kurtz a criminal has lost himself in power. He is a corrupt human being who tries to use progress as a disguise. He makes everyone believe that his is only exploiting the people of Congo for their own benefit, so they can become â€Å"civilized.† But truly, the only reason he is being such an animal is to benefit him self and no one else, he gets so lost in his own perversity and evil...

Word Choice Continuous vs. Continual - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Continuous vs. Continual - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Continuous vs. Continual Continuous and continual are sometimes used interchangeably, but these words are not actually synonyms. Confusion is understandable, though: both continuous and continual come from the verb continue, and both are adjectives related to duration. There is, however, a subtle difference in their usage. Read on to learn more. Continuous (Without Interruption) The word continuous is an adjective that describes something as ongoing and uninterrupted. It is usually used when referring to a duration of time: The continuous sound of our neighbor’s clog dancing drove us mad. Continuous can also describe an uninterrupted spatial span: The Maginot Line was a continuous stretch of concrete fortifications. Continuous is the more common of the two words were examining, so it is more likely you will need this in most situations. Continual (Repeatedly) The adjective continual means that something happens repeatedly at intervals, rather than as one long, uninterrupted event. It would be used in a sentence like this: Peter hated the continual storms that blighted his childhood on the plains. This sentence refers to storms that occurred frequently and repeatedly, but there wasn’t one continuous, ongoing storm that lasted the entire length of Peter’s childhood. Continuous or Continual? Knowing the difference between these adjectives means that you will be able to use them with confidence in your writing. The basic facts to remember are: Something which is continuous happens without interruption. Something which is continual recurs, but with breaks between occurrences. If you would like some more guidance and advice about academic writing, or would like to have your own work checked through for errors and formatting, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

List of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

List of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings List of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings List of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings By Mark Nichol This post lists prefixes, suffixes, and their meanings. (Many scientific and mathematical prefixes have been omitted.) Groups of one or more definitions after a prefix that are separated by a semicolon stem from different senses of the prefix. Note, too, that some prefixes share the spelling of distinct words (for example, under) or have been coined as distinct words themselves by omitting the base word when that word is implied (for example, hyper). Many prefixes have variants that are used depending on context or, often, on the first letter of the base word. List of Prefixes a- or an-: at, in or in the process of, on; not, without acro- or acr-: beginning, end, height, peak, summit, tip, top ad- or (first sense only) ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, as-, or at-: to, toward; adjacent to, near aero-: air, atmosphere, aviation, gas after-: following, lower, rear, resulting ambi-: both ante-: before, forward, prior or prior to anti- or ant- or anth-: against, alleviating, curing, opposed, opposite, preventing arch- or (second sense only) arche- or archi-: chief, extreme, principal; original, primary, primitive auto- or aut-: automatic, same one, self or self-acting bi- or (second sense only) bio-: between, double, two, twice; biographical, life chrono- or chron-: time circum-: about, around co-: alternate, deputy, fellow, in or to the same degree, joint, partner, together, with com-, col-, or con-: jointly, together, with contra-: against, contrary, contrasting counter-: against, complementary, contrary, corresponding, duplicate, opposing, retaliatory, substitute crypto- or crypt-: coded, covered, hidden cyber-: pertaining to computers or computer networks de-: derived from something, do the opposite, get off of, reduce, remove from, reverse of, something derived from di- or (first sense only) dia-: containing two, double, twice, twofold: daytime dis-: absence or opposite of, completely, deprive of, do the opposite of, exclude or expel from, not dys-: abnormal, bad, difficult, impaired en- or em-: cause to be, cover, go in or into, provide with, put into or onto, so as to cover, thoroughly epi-: after, attached to, besides, outer, over, upon extra-: beyond, outside extro-: outward fore-: at or in front, before, earlier geo-: earth, ground, soil hetero- or heter-: different, other homo- or hom-: alike, homosexual, one and the same, similar hyper-: above, beyond, excessive hypo- or hyp-: beneath, down, less than usual, under in-, il-, im-, or ir-: not; before, in or into, on, toward, within infra-: below, within inter-: among, between, between the limits of, carried on between, derived from two or more, existing between, in the midst of, involving, located between, occurring between, reciprocal or reciprocally, shared by, within intra-: between layers of, during, within intro-: in, into, inward, within macro-: large, long mal-: abnormal or abnormally, bad or badly, inadequate or inadequately mega- or megal- or megalo-: great, large, million, surpassing meta-: after, behind, beyond, change, later, transcending, transformation micro- or micr-: abnormally small, millionth, minute, pertaining to a minute qualities or a small area, small mid-: in the middle or the midst mini-: briefer, smaller mis- or (second sense only) miso-: bad or badly, opposite of, not, suspiciously, unfavorably, wrong or wrongly; hatred mono- or mon-: alone, one, single multi-: many, many times over, more than one or two, multiple, much neo- or ne-: new, recent noct-, nocti-, or nocto-: night or during the night non-: absence of, lacking, not, other than, reverse of, unimportant, worthless omni-: all, universally over-: excessive, surpassing para- or par-: abnormal, accessory, almost, alongside of, aside from, beside, beyond, faulty, related, resembling, subsidiary; parachute ped-, (first sense only) pedi-, or pedo-: base, foot; child or childhood philo- or phil-: attracted to, enjoying, loving, requiring phono- or phon-: sound, speech, voice photo- or phot-: light, radiant energy poly-: excessive, increased, many, much, multiple, several post-: after, behind, following, later, posterior, subsequent pre-: anterior to, before, beforehand, earlier than, in advance, in front of, preparatory to, prerequisite to, prior to pro-: anterior, before, earlier than, in front of, precursory, prior to, projecting, rudimentary; championing, favoring, substituting for, supporting proto-: beginning, first, giving rise to, primary pseudo- or pseud-: false, spurious, substitute, temporary, related, resembling re-: again, anew, back, backward semi-: half in quantity or time, or halfway through, incomplete or incompletely, partly, similar to sub-: almost, below, beneath, nearly, secondary, somewhat, subordinate, under, super-, supero-, or supra-: above, exceeding, extra, higher, more than, on, over and above, superior, surpassing, transcending sym- or syn-: at the same time, the same, together, united, with or along with thermo- or therm-: heat, thermoelectric tele- or (second sense only) tel- or telo-: distant; completion, end trans-: across, beyond, changed, through, transferred tri-, tripl-, tripla-, tripli-, or triplo-: into thirds, every third, three, thrice ultra-: beyond, transcending un-: contrary to, not, opposite of; deprive of, release, remove, reverse under-: below, beneath, facing downward, lower, short of, subjected, subordinate uni-: one, single List of Suffixes A suffix is an addition of one or more letters to the end of a word in order to change its grammatical function. One type of suffix, the grammatical, or inflectional, suffix, changes a word’s grammatical properties, as when an s is added to a noun to make it plural (for example, in the change to walk between â€Å"Take a walk† and â€Å"Take walks†) or to a verb when converting it to one applicable to the third person (for example, the change between â€Å"I walk† to â€Å"He walks†) or to indicate past tense (for example, the change between â€Å"I walk† to â€Å"I walked†). However, suffix usually refers to a derivational, or lexical suffix, which is attached to a word to change its function, either to another part of speech or to the same part of speech but with a distinct meaning. This post lists many common derivational suffixes, which are categorized according to which part of speech the suffix indicates. Noun Suffixes -acy: quality or state -al: action or process of -ance or -ence: action or process, quality or state, amount or degree (-ance only) -ant: agent or performer, or a thing that prompts an action or process, or one connected with or thing acted upon -dom: office or those having an office, place or state -er or -or: one that is, or does or performs; one associated with or belonging to; one that has, produces, or yields; one that lives in or is from (-er only); activity or condition (-or only) -ess: female -hood: character, condition, quality, or state, or individuals sharing a condition or state; instance or period -ics: knowledge, study, practice, or skill; discrimination or prejudice; condition, property, or state; characteristic actions or activities, or characteristic operations, phenomena, or qualities -ism: act, practice, or process; manner of action or behavior; belief, doctrine, religion, theory, or adherence to one; characteristic or peculiar feature or trait -ist: one that performs a specific action, specializes in a job or skill, or adheres to and/or advocates a code or doctrine -ite: adherent or follower, descendant, or native or resident, product; part or segment; fossil, mineral, or rock -ity or -ty: degree, quality, state -kind: category -like: characteristic of or resembling -lore: something learned, traditional belief or knowledge, body of knowledge, or tradition -ment: agent, object, or result; means or instrument; action or place of an action, or process; state or condition -ness: condition, degree, quality, or state -oid: something resembling -ology or -logy: branch of learning or study of a subject, or a narrative, thing said, or way of speaking -ship: condition, quality, or state; dignity, office, or profession; art or skill; one entitled to a designation or embodying or exhibiting a quality or state; body of people engaging in an activity -sion or -tion: quality Verb Suffixes -ate: become -en: become -ify or -fy: become or make -ize or -ise: become Adjective Suffixes -able or -ible: capable of being -al: characterized by, of, relating to -ant: being, performing or prompting -er: more than -esque: in a manner of, resembling -ful: notable for -ic or -ical: having the character or form of -ious or -ous: characterized by -ish: having the quality of -ist: characteristic of, of, relating to -ive: having the nature of -less: without -oid: resembling -y: characterized by Adverb Suffixes -er: more than -est: most -ily or -ly: quality, related to -ward or -wards: direction -wise: in relation to Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartAnyone vs. EveryoneThrew and Through

Lower Division Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lower Division Capstone - Essay Example I would say that this strategy can be considered as home runs because this investment can bring about a lot of revenue in the future. In order to increase their revenue this company should market through digital media. This can also be categorized as low hanging strategy. I strongly recommend the use of this digital media i.e. online marketing, blogs, forums, social media etc as customer behavior is changing every day and people (doctors) mostly use internet as the source of information for new drugs. This would definitely have positive effect on the company as it can have direct contact with customers through this. This can result in great financial improvements (Abbott 2011). DEAN FOODS: Dean foods is an American food company which mainly deals in milk and dairy products. Marketing plan for dean foods can be advertisements through newspapers or pamphlets, door to door service and change in the way of presenting the product. All these are very common yet effective ways of marketing. Advertisements in newspapers and door to door service both can lie in low hanging fruit category. The success of the change in the presentation can be risky because it depends upon the consumer’s taste. ... It is one of the top brands worldwide for women’s undergarments. It needs to be very innovative when it comes to its marketing strategies and it is already doing very well in it. New models should be hired every year so that consumers are not bored by the same faces. More and more ads should be put in all kind of magazines instead of just fashion ones. Any new product that comes up should be immediately advertised. All these will help Victoria’s secret to continue being a monopoly in lingerie business. Hiring new models can be low hanging fruit for the company. Putting ads in different magazines can be both low hanging fruit and home runs. Hiring new models can be a little risky because the success of it actually depends upon customer’s taste. I would strongly recommend my second advice of advertising the product in all kind of papers and magazines because this would also target customers who do not read fashion magazines. It will increase the demand and will enh ance public relations (Business Week 2006; Franco 2000). BIBLIOGRAPHY: Dean Foods Company STRATEGIES: ONE BIG SECRET. Mark Del Franco 2000 Marketing Victoria's Secret. Business Week 2006. http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/content/oct2006/bs20061011_780959.htm Abbot Laboratories. Official Website 2011. PART TWO The company’s strategy of changing its focus from SUV to more fuel-efficient cars is more practical for today’s world where fuel prices are hiking every day.

A Ladder of Citizen Participation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Ladder of Citizen Participation - Case Study Example Tangent basically comprises studio practice and field practice, where the former includes architectural design and consultation, while the latter deals with the design, participatory place-making, make workshops, and also planning. Both the components involve the company’s work with students and professionals belong to different fields such as design, education, performance, carpentry, and emergency shelter building as well as a variety of community groups. For my internship, I worked with two of my classmates as a team to provide assistance to Sally in terms of completing two projects in a deadline of three weeks, and more projects for the remaining two weeks. The majority of time was spent working at Sally’s private studio in Centrespace, while the remainder was spent working in UWE. The first project involved helping the Architecture Centre in Bristol to set up an exhibition for May 1st, in terms of celebrating Bristol’s victory of being the European Green Capital 2015. The main idea behind this event was to bring people together through the exhibition, workshops talks and other activities in order to provide a forum to discuss and come up with solutions to maintain a more sustainable future (The Architecture Centre, 2015). The second project, on the other hand, revolved around collaboration with the history department in UWE, in order to hold the event ‘Crafts Walk’ for the 7th of June. This walk that will be held within the Bristol historic center is aimed at restoring the value of historic monuments so as to revitalize the old culture and traditions in a better light. The main focus of these projects was on different theories of planning, and after the undertaking of this internship, I have been able to gain an in-depth understanding of planning in its practical aspect. This experience has rendered good insight into the world of planning, and this will significantly help me to make up better plans and take better planning decisions in my future.

SRD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SRD - Assignment Example While a resume website provides me with the potential of targeting any web user, the website targets potential employees. In particular, my resume website targets employers in the business sector since my competencies are suited to this specific job environment. The resume website will provide me with the creative freedom that I need to express my personality, which is not possible through the conventional resume. In this case, I will ensure that every detail of the website from my bio to the design option I select says something about me and communicates my personality to potential employees. Besides, every detail of the website will pass the message that I take my career seriously. The different categories of information will start with the homepage. On this category, I will provide my extended professional summary. The other category will include the resume category, which will communicate the specifics of my resume with different subcategories such as my work experience, education qualifications, and skills. The website will also inform the target audience of the different ways in which they could connect with me either via a social networking site or through email. First, the resume website communicates my competencies and background to potential employees. Besides, it provides a record of accomplishment of my life, and the activities that I have engaged in that would help me fit in the job market and help an organization achieve its objectives. The resume website will also control my branding. While a resume presents an excellent opportunity to present my experiences, it fails to provide an opportunity for presenting a future that I would want hiring managers to see. Therefore, the resume website will present me as a brand, and not just presenting me as who I was, but whom I envisage on becoming. The website resume will also include my philosophy on life.

Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coming of Age in Mississippi - Essay Example Through Anne’s development of virtues and faults, one gets to visualise a real picture of discrimination based on colour and gender. A reader has to fight with what the author believes in throughout the book, and gets drawn into her deeds that one can cheer when the actions are justified or shy away when someone is treated unfairly. Using her memories, the author invites the reader to imagine a young girl growing up in Mississippi. During her entire life, Moody dealt with hardships that most people could not imagine, but due to her experiences, Anne gains the heroin qualities. How Moody deals with the questions of gender in her life and in her book As Moody grows up, she notes that there are different roles and misconceptions associated with each gender and race. She realizes the way women are treated and she struggles to make sure that they do not hinder her from achieving the best she could be. In the book, she depicts her everyday life in detail as a teenage lady being brou ght up in the pre-civil rights times in the South. Her maturity and experience become tools that she utilizes to cope up with gender inequality within her society and the family to develop into a woman she desired. Through most of her youthful experiences, Moody manages the question of gender by learning its social importance on her own since her mother avoids dealing with the issue as she feels that nothing regarding the societal believes about women can be changed. The insufficiency of information on society that Moody received from her mother made her to explore even further on life issues on her own and critique the standard of that era, rather than incorporating herself into a society that seemed so unfair and disgracing. Anne Moody proudly and confidently uses her observations of the various social aspects to determine her individual identity as a tough black woman who is ready and willing to stand up for what she considers right with hopes of future success and progress for A frican Americans (Moody 280). How white supremacy affect gender related experiences among and between the black and white communities According to Moody, white supremacy restrains black women to take up certain roles in the working environments and acts as a hindrance to equal rights in terms of wages. Quality education is also given to white women at the expense of the blacks. For instance, the author argues that the only option that was availed to her uneducated mother was working as a house help for a worthless pay. This forced Anne to take the burden of working to support her family while still at school (Moody 300). It is further depicted that white women were given more respect and their rights protected more than the blacks of both genders. Meddling with the life of a white woman meant that the black person associated with the action would face serious consequences. For example, Moody says that a 14-year old black man from Chicago was murdered merely for allegedly whistling a t a young white woman. This made Moody to conclude that white supremacy was too stern that any black person could be killed simply for his or her colour. At some point in time, Moody tries to depict that whites were always superior and that their wrong deeds were not treated with serious consequences as did for male blacks. This is illustrated in the book when Moody gives a picture of her life in high school when a white police administrator was caught having a love affair with a black teenage girl. It is quite obvious in this context that the act brought them

Global Warming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming - Assignment Example This research aims to evaluate and present global warming. It can be defined as the heating of the earth or warming of the planet due to the rise in average temperature on the entire surface. Global warming has become the most complicated issue facing the world as a whole. It is destined to have various destructive impacts on the earth’s surface, people’s health, and their entire environment including plants. Global warming is predicted to be caused by various greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. These gases cause extreme heating on the surface thus leading to many problems. This is meant to study the causes of global warming its effects on health, plants and humans. In addition, it is meant to discuss the ways that can help to solve the problems caused by global warming. It also focuses on the ways China contribute in global warming and the ways they can be supported in order to reduce their rate of contribution. In gathering information, various articles are used such as newspapers, journals, other reports carried out by other individuals and comparing the findings. Journals would help by telling what global warming is and its causes. It would also help to know the effects it has on the earth’s surface. Newspapers help in gathering the latest effects of global warming. In addition, other sources that may have good sources of information were also used in order to get appropriate information. Results or findings The information collected from several sources indicates that global warming is mainly caused by the emission of green house gases. Global warming is the overall warming of the planet based on the mean temperature over the whole surface of the earth. The main causer of global warming is carbon dioxide that is emitted through burning of fossil fuels like oil, natural gases, and coal. These fossil fuels emit large quantities of green house gases to the atmosphere. The research also found that the most industrialized nations are t he leading nations in releasing the pollutant gases to the atmosphere than the developing nations. This is because industries release pollutant gases to the atmosphere and the gases cause global warming. Some of the nations that lead in emission of pollutant gasses are China, United States and India. The rapid increase in population and industrialization leads to suffering of unwanted environmental problems. Rapid industrialization mainly increases the rate of pollution that is accompanied by a gradual increase in atmospheric temperature leading to increased heating of the surface. The heating of the earth’s surface due to increased global temperature is known as global warming. Due to rapid industrialization in the current decades, the rate of global warming has raised leading to various effects (Revkin 2011). Most scientists point out dangers that the global warming is likely to cause due to the increasing rate of

Is Everything an Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Everything an Argument - Essay Example Several types of argument exist based on the nature and type of the argument. In response to the different social issues, the argument may be classified as forensic, deliberative or ceremonial. Arguments trying to verify or elaborate on the issues of the past are viewed as forensic audit of the past and it involved the explanation of events in the past that may influence and alter the present situations. The presentation of idea will facilitate the development of understanding of the situation while also developing an argument on the idea (Casey, 2012). Forensic arguments are common while explaining issues that occurred in the past such as the women's liberation struggles. In addition, the forensic argument is vital in the creation of chronology of events. The article by Benedict Carey touches on issues that pertains to the effect of gay parenting on the child development and deals with major issues that affect the development of understanding and control of the children. The argumen t by the author is based deliberation. The study of effect of gay marriage on child development is a debatable issue in the society. The author addresses the issues by deliberating within the ideal and the coming situation and addressing the issues via elaboration studies conducted. In the community, several issues need to be deliberated upon in order to develop the necessary conclusion. Deliberation arguments are based on the findings of the research and develop several understanding of the situation. According to article by Carey, the major issues affecting the cognitive development of the children are in the nature of the family set up. According to him, same sex marriage brings creates a non-conducive environment for the children leading to sociological problems in later life (Casey, 2012). The deliberation is supported by several other findings which are stipulated by Casey. In the analysis of the essay, it is evident that the author is relying on the creation of an argument to dispel personal opinion as well as the development of new ideas about the whole situation. In defining the argument several factors are established creating an atmosphere of deliberation as the reader studies the article. Such deliberations are present in other articles with the main objective of passing the information across and creating a perceived conclusion on the document. However, several other arguments exist in writing that are employed or the sole purpose of explanation without offering any guidance or opportunity to address the issues. Such writings are present but will always take the view of the author and can be viewed in the manner of presentation taken by the author.

Global Warming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming - Assignment Example This research aims to evaluate and present global warming. It can be defined as the heating of the earth or warming of the planet due to the rise in average temperature on the entire surface. Global warming has become the most complicated issue facing the world as a whole. It is destined to have various destructive impacts on the earth’s surface, people’s health, and their entire environment including plants. Global warming is predicted to be caused by various greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. These gases cause extreme heating on the surface thus leading to many problems. This is meant to study the causes of global warming its effects on health, plants and humans. In addition, it is meant to discuss the ways that can help to solve the problems caused by global warming. It also focuses on the ways China contribute in global warming and the ways they can be supported in order to reduce their rate of contribution. In gathering information, various articles are used such as newspapers, journals, other reports carried out by other individuals and comparing the findings. Journals would help by telling what global warming is and its causes. It would also help to know the effects it has on the earth’s surface. Newspapers help in gathering the latest effects of global warming. In addition, other sources that may have good sources of information were also used in order to get appropriate information. Results or findings The information collected from several sources indicates that global warming is mainly caused by the emission of green house gases. Global warming is the overall warming of the planet based on the mean temperature over the whole surface of the earth. The main causer of global warming is carbon dioxide that is emitted through burning of fossil fuels like oil, natural gases, and coal. These fossil fuels emit large quantities of green house gases to the atmosphere. The research also found that the most industrialized nations are t he leading nations in releasing the pollutant gases to the atmosphere than the developing nations. This is because industries release pollutant gases to the atmosphere and the gases cause global warming. Some of the nations that lead in emission of pollutant gasses are China, United States and India. The rapid increase in population and industrialization leads to suffering of unwanted environmental problems. Rapid industrialization mainly increases the rate of pollution that is accompanied by a gradual increase in atmospheric temperature leading to increased heating of the surface. The heating of the earth’s surface due to increased global temperature is known as global warming. Due to rapid industrialization in the current decades, the rate of global warming has raised leading to various effects (Revkin 2011). Most scientists point out dangers that the global warming is likely to cause due to the increasing rate of

Manufacturing Process Essay Example for Free

Manufacturing Process Essay Tool post spanner For making adjustments to the tools Chuck key Used for tightening or loosening the bolts on the chuck Parting tool To remove finished parts. Procedure †¢We took a mild steel round 25*80 mm long piece and set it in the chuck with the required length by the use of chuck key. †¢Then marked the job as per given measurements with the help of steel rule and calipers. †¢Did the steps and cut edges with the help of side cutting tool. †¢Repeated the procedure 1 to 4 for mild steel round 25*50mm †¢Went to drilling process, and made 10 mm of diameter for mild steel 25*80. Did the free and plane operations and finish the job as per given sketch. Calculations required The calculations are for both turning and drilling. turning N = speed in revolutions/minute (RPM) k = speed (V) and part diameter (Di ) V = needed cutting speed D1= is largest part diameter drilling Drill speed k is a Constant D is Diameter of the drill V is the cutting speed ? Pictures: Discussion Majorly the two processes that were involved in our experiment were turning and drilling. The machine used was a manual lathe machine. Overheating of the tool and the work piece proved to be the basis of many errors seen within the finished work piece. other problems during the processes were creating of long chips which had to be cut in order for the experiment to go on further. Breaking of the tool was also experienced. Conclusion The machine used was a manual lathe machine in which most of the processes had to be worked out and supervised by a trained professional . the major errors in this experiment are caused by the mistakes of the handler. The rotation of the work piece, which is handled by the supervisor, must be precise and constant; otherwise the problems which arrive are the breaking of the tool and the creation of long chips. to rectify this error the use of automated lathe machine can be done. In this day and age automated lathe machines are the way to go because manual lathe needs hours and hours of supervision and in the end the product is not even as accurate as a product that can be used by a consumer. A better coolant and a cooling method can also be used to reduce the heat which can lead to inaccuracy.

Photo Aging of Skin

Photo Aging of Skin Photo aging is the effect of chronic ultraviolet exposure on the skin, and the term was first used by Kligman, back in 1986(1). Incidence of Photo aging is increasing in year by year. Photo aging is premature aging of skin, which is a very complex process which causes progressive functional and aesthetic changes in the skin. Photo aging is mainly due to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation that is UVa and UVb radiation and can also be due to genetic factors. Apart from UVa and UVb other rays like infrared and visible rays are also responsible for Photo aging (2). Photo aging is entirely different from chronological aging. Chronological aging, which is a natural phenomenon and cannot t be reversed or prevented like Photo aging and they differ clinically and histologically from Photo aging. Photo aging is characterized by wrinkling of skin, loss of skin tone, loss of resilience due to loss of skin strength and skin elasticity. Photo aging appears mostly in areas which are exposed to sunlight like face, neck and back of the hands and is clinical presentation is with deep coarse wrinkles mostly around the eyes, then the mouth and on the forehead, next feature is uneven skin color and dryness, various spots which are pigmented like age spot, liver spots that are mottled pigmentations and freckles can also be seen, skin tone will be lost and will be leathery, spider vein can be seen on the nose, cheek and neck (4). The mechanism behind Photo aging relating to UV rays is by producing an in balance between TGF ÃŽ ²2 and AP1 damage, TGF ÃŽ ²2 is an activator protein, which promotes collagen production and AP1 is a transcription factor which inhibits collagen production by increasing production of Metalloproteinase which break down collagen and there is another enzyme TIMP which inhibit MMP. In normal skin TIMP and MMP are in balance (5) (6). Whenever we are over exposed to UV rays there is an increased activity of AP1, which in turn increases MMP causes an imbalance between MMP and TIMP. Apart from increase increased activity of AP1 there is also decreased expression of TGF ÃŽ ²2. This imbalance leads increased proteolytic activity leading to damage to collagen which will be corrected if not further exposed to UV rays, but if the skin is further exposed to UV rays damage to collagen will remain as such and skin will be formed abnormal in the form of wrinkles (6).decreased expression of TGF ÃŽ ²2 c auses decreases production of collagen . This damaged collagen and lack of new normal collagen formation altogether will lead to decrease in quantity of collagen forming leathery skin (fig.) MMPs is induced by UV rays that induces by both UVa and UVb. UVa and UVb act by different mechanisms. UVa act by indirectly activating ROS, which intern produces other effects like lipid peroxidation, transcription factor activation, formation of DNA strand breaks, unlike UVa, UVb induce MMP by directly producing DNA damage and by ROS(7). Whether it’s UVa or UVb, ROS generation is the important factor in Photo aging. SUN AP1 ROS Generation TGF ÃŽ ²2 MMP procollagen production Collagen break down Imperfect repair Invisible solar scar Repeated UV injury Visible solar scar (Wrinkling of photo aging Mitochondrial cells main function is to produce energy for the cell ,which is generated by a process called oxidative phosphorylation ,which is commonly known as electron transport chain .this oxidative phosphorylation usually have some error ,resulting in production of ROS which produces oxidative reaction. When human skin is exposed to uv rays ,it produces ROS .this ROS will cause damage to mitochondrial DNA which in turn leads to reduce of capacity for oxidative phosphorylation which accelerates production of ROS which again will cause mitochondrial DNA damage and the cycle is repeated resulting in conditions like photo aging (oxidative damage to mite dna) UVa ROS Mutations of mitochondrial DNA Acceleration Reduced OXPHOS capacity With the understanding of mechanism of photo aging, many strategies has been put forward for the prevention and treatment of photo aging .photo aging can either be prevented by using substances which the action of uv rays on skin or by giving treatment to reverse photoaging.it is well known that dark people develop less photo aging compared to white skin people which is thought to be due presence of increases melanin. So artificial tanning of skin by using thymine dinucleotide is a way to protect from photo aging (telomere mediated effects).another highly used way of protecting skin against uv rays is by using organic and inorganic uv filters as sunscreen creams however there is a controversy regarding effectiveness of this sunscreen formulations.( Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer. As per above explained mechanism of photo aging it’s clear that giving an antioxidant will have high amount of benefit and many studies are done with antioxidants. All these strategies are for prevention of photo aging. There are also studies with vitamin a, all Trans’ retinoic acid for repair of already existing damages to the skin. (. (New and emerging treatment for photo aging) It’s a known fact that Skin photo aging is caused by the solar rays induced oxidative stress. Apart from the mechanism of imbalanced mmp and action on mitochondrial DNA there are other mechanisms involved in skin photo aging .In a in vivo study it was shown that when skin get exposed to ultraviolet rays cholesterol undergo O2 oxygenation reaction with the help of free radicals and or O2 to form a peroxidation product cholesterol 5 ÃŽ ±hydro peroxide which form cholesterol aldehyde .cholesterol aldehyde modify proteins to form various pathological conditions including photo aging(formation of cholesterol).in another study it was reported that apart from cholesterol another target of 02 oxygenation reaction is unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid and linoleic acid (age related ).this animal studies proved that 02 produced from type ii photosensitized reaction is involved in the injury of skin exposed to chronic UVa by oxidative stress. From above its clear that free radical and or O2 is involved in the process of photo aging, so using an O2 quenching substance like carotenoids will help in prevention of photo aging (singlet oxygen quenching). The normal skin itself has antioxidant protective effects .this antioxidant protective effect are produced by endogenous enzymatic antioxidants like GSH peroxidase ,SOD and catalase as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin E ,vitamin C ,GSH, Uric acid and ubiquinol.when most there is an attack of ROS ,the skin will itself form an antioxidant defense complex the most important one among them is manganese superoxide dismutase (mnSOD) which a mitochondrial enzyme (antioxidant defense mechanism.)whereas when the skin is exposed to uvrays repeatedly this endogenous enzymes has less as evidenced by the less concentration of antioxidant enzyme in photo aged skin ,especially in the epidermis and stratum cornuem. Which makes it mandatory to use an external source of antioxidant when skin is exposed repeatedly to UV rays. (pandet et al) On over all its known that main pathology involved in process of photo aging is oxidative reactions .with the understanding of that many studies have been done with different exogenous antioxidants since 30 years .different has been tried by different researchers .elmore et al studied with topical vitamin C cream .which has shown improvement.boelsma et al in 2001 reported vitamin E compliment the photo protective effect. Ribaya-Mercadoet al.in a study established that lycopene protect against UV induced photo aging in humans. Stahl and Krutmann, 2006 reported in a study that carotenoids gives basal protection against UV induced photo aging. Effect of carotenoids particularly beta carotene was studied by cho et al in 2010 and proved that dietary beta carotene has effect on photo aging. There are several studies done on photo aging with topical tretinoin and most of them has shown positive results one among them is study done by voorches in 1990 where he proved that topical tretinoin r educe the effects of photo aging. Hoppe et al studied with topical coenzyme q10 ,it has shown positive effect in preventing photoaging.richard et al done in vivo study with zinc treated fibroblast ,which showed a positive result in uvr resistance .in 2002 a study was done with resveratrol by afaq and mukhtar ,which showed effective prevention of induced increase in skin thickness .another antioxidant used in study was green tea ,green tea proved to reduce uv induced oxidative stress in a study done by katiyal et al.lu et al done a study with caffeine ,caffeine showed increase in p53 ,slowed cell cycling . Singh and Agarwal, 2002 reported that silymarin prevent photo carcinogenesis. Cocoa was proved to have photo protective effect against uv induced erythema in a study done by Heinrich et al., Ultraviolet rays UV rays are electromagnetic rays which are naturally emitted from the sun along with other electromagnetic lights like visible and infrared rays. Electromagnetic spectrum of UV rays extends between x-rays and visible lights that is 40 to 400 nm. UV rays are classified into three types depending on its wavelength as UVc (220-290 nm), UVb (290-320) and UVa (320-400 nm). UVa having longer wavelength and the least energy and UVc have short wavelength and high energy, having high energy means its most hazardous but fortunately it doesn’t cross ozone layer where as UVa and UVb cross ozone layer in small quantity. UVa is the one responsible for production of tanning with the help melanin pigments when exposed to the sun, which is actually a defense mechanism to protect human skin from further exposure to UV rays (2), it’s also used in vitamin D synthesis, having said so over exposure of UV rays may cause erythema , toughening of skin and inflammatory reaction to eyes and over exposure for a long term leads to cataract formation ,immunosuppression , Photo aging of skin and skin cancers(3). Artificial UVA lights are widely used in health science for phototherapy in case of certain skin conditions like psoriasis for sterilization and disinfection and tanning booths (4)(2) (5). Among skin cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are more common, but rarely fatal. Melanoma and non-melanoma combined leads to 66,000 deaths per year. Another hazard of long term of UV ray exposure on the skin is premature skin aging, photo dermatomes and Actinic keratosis which are due to degenerative changes in cells of the skin, fibrous tissue and blood vessels (6). Mixed carotenoids Mixed carotenoids are a combination of different types of carotenoids, in a particular combination. Carotenoids are plant pigment which are having 40 carbon atoms in a molecule (1). Carotenoids are mainly of two type’s one containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing and other with carbon and hydrogen, which are named xanthophylls and carotenes respectively (2). Carotenoids are plant pigments which are synthesized by plants in higher amount and partly by algae and bacteria(2). Carotenoid is abundant in animals also, which they acquire by eating plants. Carotenoids are of different types around 700 carotenoids have been identified, most commonly available (3). Carotenoids like lycopene, beta-Cryptoxanthin, beta carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin. Alpha carotene, echinenone. Capsanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and all are commonly available fruits and vegetables like tomato, mango, carrot, citrus lime, green leafy vegetables, mushrooms and all, some of the carotenoids are well absorbed and are present in plasma (4) (5) . Carotenoids were considered to be just as provitamin A, and importance of carotenoids in that case is itself considered to be the nontoxic reserve of vitamin- A (6)(4) .Recently its discovered that carotenoids are not just provitamin A it has other actions as well, from that point on immense research has been going on with carotenoids in almost all the system and all over the world (7). Carotenoid is normally present in tissue and blood of humans. Adipose tissue is the most abundant one in carotenoids followed by liver and muscle, apart from this tissue carotenoids are also present in other tissues like corpus lithium, adrenal gland, macula lutea (8). Among carotenoids lutein, Cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha carotene, beta carotene are the ones which are commonly available in serum and other tissues like adrenal gland (4)(3). Human skin contains carotenoids like ÃŽ ±-, ÃŽ ³-, ÃŽ ²-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin (9) Carotenoids are proved to be useful in many diseases and its many research is in process also, one of the most important research work related to carotenoids is its useful in cancer, especially in skin cancer, it’s been found that carotenoids acts in case of cancer by several mechanisms, one is that it protect against nuclear damage and sister chromatid exchange and another is that it when fibroblast are exposed to x rays, UV rays or to any chemicals like Cholanthrene it undergo transformation leading to cancer, carotenoids inhibit this transformation (4). In UV induced skin tumor it proved that carotenoid helped in delaying skin tumors induced by UV rays, over all carotenoids seems to inhibit development of cancer in the initial stage itself (10) (4). Another field or research with carotenoids is in ageing related, immune system, fertility, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Carotenoids act by several mechanisms, but the entire mechanism of action is not yet proved in different part of the system, it has different action which is still on research, some of the mechanisms related to cancer has been discussed already. However, one of the well-known action of carotenoids is by an antioxidant mechanism, that is it act against oxidative stress(11). Oxidative stress is a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) reaction or a free radical reaction (12). Reactive oxygen species are produced as an unfortunate byproduct of redox reaction which are a part of oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP in mitochondria rays are produced by other redox reaction also, some of the examples of ROS are superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals. This reactive oxygen species accumulation will lead to serious problems, which are inhibited by killing this race either by enzymatic mechanism or non-enzymatic mechanism. Enzymatic mechanism is by the help of enzymes a nd non-enzymatic approach is by the use of antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione, tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids and carotenoids. So normally in human body oxidants are antioxidants are maintained in a balanced state, any break in that balance leads to trouble. But unfortunately the balance is disturbed in day to day life and so there is always a oxidative damage in the process (13) (14) (15). Oxidative stress leads to many problems. Harman in 1956 itself has proposed that ageing is related to oxidative stress. According to him, rose will produce some irreversible deleterious changes to molecules, which was later on approved by many other researchers of past and present, a more elaborate finding was done by Halliwell B. He observed that the rays produced in mitochondria primary target is mitochondrial DNA itself, which leads to further production of Ross and this cycle is repeated leading to ageing. This case is similar when it comes to ageing of skin too, when skin is exposed to UV irradiation and oxidative stress is produced leading to ageing and as explained by Biesalski et al that oxidative stress can be prevented by antioxidants like carotenoids (17) (18). Another of the mechanism involved in photo aging o2 oxygenation of unsaturated lipids in the skin and cholesterol in the skin. This peroxidized cholesterol accumulation partly leads to activation of MMP9 (formation of cholesterol. (Age related when we use carotenoids it inhibit o2 oxygenation of unsaturated lipids and it also inhibit o2 oxygenation of cholesterol which in turn partly suppresses MMP 9 action. (Peroxide cholesterol induced)+participation of singlet oxygen. . Advantage of taking carotenoids is that it accumulates in human skin which is commonly known as carotenoderma.carotenoids deposit more in palm of the hand and forehead. And the level of carotenoids present skin is proportional to the amount of carotenoids present in serum and its fortunate human absorb wide variety of carotenoids. (Carotenoderma a review).one of the reason for abundance of carotenoids in skin is that stratum cornea has a lipid layer which has more affinity to carotenoids. leading more amount of carotenoids in the stratum corneum . Carotenoids protect sperm from the rose by its antioxidant property there by maintaining fertility. Carotenoids also has action female fertility by helping the formation of corpus luteum and many other aspects of reproduction as well, though a specific action of it is not known. Carotenoids have other actions like reducing risk of age related macular degeneration(20), they also reduce risk of age related cataracts (21), carotenoids reduce risk of hypertension and ischemic heart disease by lowering Tri acyl glycerol and increasing HDL (22). Apart from this proved effects and mechanisms there are suggestions of many more of effects and mechanisms for carotenoids where immense researches are going on. An intervention study demonstrated that dietary carotene Protects the human skin from the UV light-induced erythema. (38) Stahl et al.(39) found that combination of a relatively low dose of total carotenoids (25 mg/day) and vitamin E (RRR-ÃŽ ±-tocopherol; 335 mg/day) significantly diminished the erythema on dorsal skin induced by illumination with UV light after 8 weeks. They also revealed that the intensity of erythema 24 h after the irradiation of UV light was diminished in a group receiving mixed carotenoids containing ÃŽ ²-carotene, lutein and lycopene (8 mg each/day) for 12 weeks.(40) In a separate study, intake of tomato paste rich in lycopene (40 g/day) was also shown to be effective in the prevention of erythema formation induced by UV light after 10 weeks.(41) These studies strongly suggest that dietary carotenoids accumulate preferentially in the skin and prevent it from UV-induced photooxidative damage by acting as antioxidants